Improvement in brick-kilns



0. BENNETT.

Brick Kiln.

No. 101,416. Patented April 5,A 1870.

N. Prrzns, Phmmnampher. washington. n. c.

lintd (gisten OLIVERBENNETT, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 101,416, dated Apr'ill, 1870; (mtedat'ed April 4, 1870. i

IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-KILNS.

The Schedule referred ltc in these Letters vPatent and making part of the sama To 'all persons to whom, these presents may come:

Be it known that I, OLIVER BENNETT, of Boston, of the county 'of Su'olk and State of Massachusetts, have made a new and useful invention having reference to Brick-Kilns; and do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification and represented in the accompanying drawings, of whichvFigure 1 is a top view;

Figure 2, a front end elevation; y

Figure 3, a vertical and longitudinal'section;

Figures 4 and 5 are transverse sections; and

Figure 6 is a horizontal section of a kiln provided with my invention.

In burning brick the important objects to be eli'ected are, first, ,the uniform burning of all the bricksin lthe kiln, and, second, economy of fuel, and to the accomplishment of such manyv plans have heretofore been devised. In whatare termed open kilns the bricks are laid so as to formarcbed 'passages at the bottom of the kiln, the fuel being put and burned in such pas` sages. By this modev of burning bricks those used in making the arches .or arched passages are liable to become and generally are over-burned, while others in' the extreme or upper parts of the kiln are insuliciently burned, and a large part of the heat becomes wasted or is suffered to escape into the open air. Bricks have also been burned in close kilns or chambers, in which the heat and gaseous products of combustion have been driven through the kiln either by the natural draught of the chimney or by artificial means.

My invention has reference to the close-chamber principle with the furnaces located outside of the kiln.

To burn a kiln of bricks to the best advantage, the treatment needs constant variation or change. In the earlier stages ofthe operation a very gentle heat with afree exit of the vapors and smoke becomes essential, but afterward the heat is to be increased until finally, or at the last stage, it should be intense, at which time the kiln may be nearly if not entirely closed bythe dampers. In making my invention I have sought to effect these results to the best advantage.

In using my kiln when it may be supplied with a series of blowers, some of them (as the stage of burning may require) may be used so as to draw the 'gaseous contents or heat and vapors through the kiln, others being employed to force them through it, and with air. So one or more of the blowers may be applied and used so as to extract the waste heat and gaseous products from the kiln and return them with fresh air into the furnace or furnaces. 1n this way the gaseous 'products which would otherwise be lost may be utilized or their combustion accomplished.

The object I have had in view in making my invention has been to direct the heat of the furnace or furnaces, by means of air under pressure, to any partv of the stack orpile of brick in the kiln, and to increase or diminish such heat, as circumstances may require.

I have sought also to avoid the employment of steam forsuch purpose as used inthe kiln, in the manuel' as described in the patent No. 80,046, dated July 2], 1868, fand granted to Henry W. Adams'. 3

In burning brick, it becomes necessary 'to drive out of the material by the heat .the water contained in it. In doing this I do not employ steam, let into the kiln so as to come in contact with the bricks to be heated, nor do I employ in the eduction conduit of the kiln a blast of steam to effect a draught of. air through the furnaces and thekiln, but in lieu thereof l not only make use of anI airlblower to force air int-o the furnace or furnacesand the kiln, but I use, in connection with the kiln, aser-ies of separate educts provided with dalnpers, whereby, when the doors of the furnaces are closed, I am enabled to force -into the kiln and with l the heated smoke and gases of the fuel when in combustion, air, and to compress such air 'more or less/A within thekiln, and by means of the dampers to direct tle heat to any part or parts ofthe kiln or 'its con`- tents,vasvcircnmstances may require from time to timer `in order to effect the equal burning or indurating of the mass of bricks. vI thus avoid the use of steam and any tendency of it to retard the desiccation of the bricks or the expulsion therefrom ofthe water that may be wit-hin them when and after-they may be l stacked in the kiln."

In the drawings- A denotes a kiln or chamber, whose sides, floor, land apart.

Leading out of the said chamber B, and arranged at the sides vof the kiln, is a series of vertical lues or educt's, O O O C. Others of like nature are arranged yat the'ends of the kiln, but without extending down to the floor thereof. g

Ineach ofthe-,said fines or educts there may be two or any other suitvable number of dampers, D D, having their shafts, c, extended to and beyond the outer sidc of the kiln, in order to enable a person to open or close each damper, as may be required.

At one or at each end of the kiln there is one or more furnaces, E E, the chamber of combustion of each of which, at its rear end, being made to open into the kiln.

The opening shown at d I provide with a rotary valve or defector, d', made so that, by means of it and by turning it as occasion vmay require, the heat and gases evolved from the fuel may be directed either upward or downward into the kiln.

lfnrthermore, there is arranged alongside of cach furnace, and so as to extend both above and below its grate, e, an auxiliary or air-conveying chamber, f, provided with openings y and h., leading from it into the ash-chamber i and the chamber of combustion h of the furnace, there being a damper or valve, l, to the upper of the two openings.

An 'air-conduit or pipe, F, leads into the ash-cham- Y ber of each furnace, such conduit being extended from and constituting the educt of,.an air-blast apparatus or blower, G.

Furthermore, each ash-chamber, at its rear end, I open into the kiln, and provide the opening with a damper, the same being as represented at n and o, n being the opening and o the damper.

To the mouths of the tire and ash-chambers of each furnace there are to be doors, as shown at 1 q.

The kiln should be provided with an opening, m, in one side of it to enable the bricks to be introduced into it as well as withdrawn from it, such opening being properly sealed while the kiln may be in process of being heated.

From thcabore it will be seen that after the kiln may have received a chargev of bricks and the furnace or furnaces and theair-.blower may have Ybeen putin operation, wc can, by means of the-educts and their dampers and by the airv under pressure, effect the equal or proper distribution of the heat as respects the stack. lVe can force the heat to any particular part or parts of it as from time to time may be necessary to finally insure the equal burning of the .bricks of the stack.

By means ofthe lateral or auxiliary air-chambers f, and their openings and dampers arranged with the ash and tire-chambers of each furnace, 'we can direct. airinto the fire-chamber \\'ithonttirst causing such air topass up 'through the grate and the fuel when thereon. Thus, by such means the intense or great heat of the `flame may be tempered or reduced by such air.

After entrance int-o the kiln the heated gases and volatile products of combustion may be made to de-V scend through the stack and into the chamber beneath the oor of 'the kiln, and thence upward through the side eduets, or instead thereof the heat maybe caused to act on the stack and escape by the side educts or lthe side and end educt-s, the whole being to effect the necessary distribution of the heat, as circumstances may require, to attain the result of uniformity in burn-v ing the stack.

1 make no claim to the production of a current of air through afurnace and brick-kiln by means of a jet of steam let into the educt ofthe kiln. Nr do I claim the employment of steam in a brick-kiln or its furnace,

whether such steam be superheated or not, intending specially to disclaim anyT and all of what may be described and represented in the specification of the patent of the said-Adams, as constituting his invention or as being auxiliary thereto.

Vhat I claim in or with respect to the brick-burning apparatus hereinbefore described, and as represented in the accompanying drawings, may be stated as follows:

The arrangement as well as the combination, substantially' as described, of the series of educts C and dempers D l) thereof with the brick-kiln A, its furnace or furnaces E, and an air-blast or blower, G, applied to the furnace or furnaces so as to opcratetherewith, as set forth.

Also, the arrangement and combination of the auxiliary air-chamber fand vits openings, g h, and valve l, with the fire-place and ash-pitA of a furnace as conrbined with a kiln', A, and a blower, G, to operate therewith, as described'. v i

Also, the combination and arrangement of the opening n and its valve o, at the rear of the ash-chamber of each furnace, with such furnace and a. kiln, to be operated with and by air-blast or blower applied to the furnace, -as set forth.

Also, the combination and arrangement of the rotary deilector d with the furnace E and the kiln A, and an air-blower applied to the furnace, as set forth, suchl detlector being to enable the heat, when passing ont of the opening (l and into the kiln, to be deflected either upward or downward therein, for the purpose setforth.

`Also, the combination and arrangement ofthe chamber B and its series of indncts b with the brick-kiln and its series of escape-fines or educts C, provided with dampers D, as set forth, and with its furnace or furnaces and ail-blower to operate therewith, as explained. v OLIVER BENNETT."

Witnesses:

R. IL EDDY, J. R. SNOW. 

